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Infections in Teens

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common in young to middle-aged sexually active women. Things that increase a woman's risk of getting urinary tract infection (UTIs) include:

    * Sexual activity, which pushes bacteria into the urethra. Sexual activity with the use of a diaphragm and spermicide raises the risk.
    * Pregnancy. Pregnant women are at risk of developing asymptomatic bacteriuria, which in turn increases the risk of infections that cause symptoms. It also increases the risk of preterm labor.
    * Previous UTIs.
    * Use of feminine hygiene products that contain deodorant.
    * Lack of estrogen, which allows bacteria that can cause UTIs to grow more easily in the vagina or urethra. Women who have gone through menopause are at increased risk for UTIs.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in the organs and tubes that process and carry urine out of the body. Most UTIs are either bladder infections (cystitis) or kidney infections (pyelonephritis).

UTIs occur most often when bacteria begin to grow in the kidneys, the bladder, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), or the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body (urethra). Sexual intercourse may introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, especially in women. Catheterization is a common source of bacterial infection in people who are hospitalized or live in long-term care facilities.

An adult or older child with a UTI may have:

    * Pain or burning during urination.
    * An urge to urinate frequently but usually passing only small quantities of urine.
    * Dribbling (inability to control urine release).
    * Reddish or pinkish urine.
    * Foul-smelling urine.
    * Cloudy urine.

Urinary tract infections are more common in women than in men. They are also more common in older adults than in younger adults.

Treatment for most urinary tract infections is antibiotic pills and home treatment, such as drinking lots of fluids. If widespread infection (sepsis) develops or if the infection is severe or harms kidney function, hospitalization may be necessary so that antibiotics can be given directly into a vein (intravenous antibiotics).

Risk factors in men

Things that increase a man's risk of UTIs include:

    * Problems with the prostate gland. Men become increasingly prone to UTIs as they get older because of prostate problems, such as enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia) and prostatitis.
    * An uncircumcised penis.
    * Anal intercourse.
    * Unprotected sex with a woman who has a vaginal infection.
    * HIV infection.

Risk factors in both women and men

Certain risk factors apply to both women and men. These include:

    * Not drinking enough fluids. Drinking more fluids causes increased urination, reducing bacteria in the urinary tract and bladder.
    * Having a catheter in place. A catheter is a small, flexible tube inserted through the urethra and into the bladder, allowing urine to drain. Bacteria can enter the catheter and start an infection. Most at risk are older adults who are in hospitals or who live in long-term care facilities. Catheterization also greatly increases the risk for asymptomatic bacteriuria.
    * Kidney stones and other obstructions in the urinary tract. These may block the flow of urine, increasing the risk of bacterial infection.
    * Diabetes. People with diabetes are at greater risk for UTIs because their immune systems are weakened. Also, long-term high blood sugar can damage the kidneys' filtering system (diabetic nephropathy).
    * Structural problems of the urinary tract. These may be present at birth or develop later in life.